Homi Bhabha’s Cultural Hybridity and Early Twentieth Century Modifications of Fez, Morocco by Colette Apelian, Ph.D.

‪Description: Application of Homi Bhabha’s concept of hybridity and the history of electricity in the French colonial madina of Fez, Morocco (1912-56). The paper includes a discussion of glass electric fixture designs in religious structures of Morocco; interrelations between Christian, Muslim, and Jewish residents of Fez; and historic preservation legislation and its application.

Subtitle: Case studies from installing electricity in Muslim religious structures owned by the Ministry of Habous (Awqaf) in the old city (madina) of Fez, Morocco A thirty-seven page mostly double space essay, including notes and eight black and white and color images. 

Key Words: history of technology, electricity, electrical infrastructure, electric power, French Colonial, Fez, old city, Morocco, globalization, cosmopolitanism

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